The arrival of the rainy season greatly increases the probability of water leakage in houses, and for foundation buildings with poorly laid waterproof foundations, a new round of testing is imminent. Today, the editor will analyze the causes of water leakage and propose corresponding solutions for three easy leakage points: basement engineering, floor and kitchen bathroom, and roof engineering. Come and take a look!
1、 Basement engineering
1. Water seepage on the side walls and bottom plate surface
reason:
(1) The quality of concrete construction is poor, and there is micro pore infiltration;
(2) The waterproof coating is not firmly bonded or damaged.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) Clean up the water seepage area and use cement-based waterproof coating to block the seepage.
(2) After cleaning the water seepage area, use water emulsion chloroprene rubber asphalt waterproof coating and other fiber-reinforced materials to block the seepage.
2. The basement has a large area of severe water leakage
reason:
(1) Poor concrete mix proportion and construction quality, with holes for grouting;
(2) Cracks appear in the basement due to various reasons;
(3) Poor construction quality of waterproof coating or insufficient elongation of waterproof coating, resulting in tearing of waterproof layer.
Leakage prevention measures:
In addition to using methods such as grouting inside and behind the wall, waterproof concrete wall lining, cement mortar, and hanging net cement mortar plastering, waterproof coatings can also be used. First, drainage should be drained, and then joints and holes should be filled to prevent leakage.
3. Leakage at deformation joints, construction joints, and joints between new and old structures
reason:
(1) Poor quality of concrete, excessive shrinkage, and the appearance of cracks;
(2) The detailed waterproofing treatment methods for these parts are not appropriate, such as improper placement of water stop strips, insufficient compaction of concrete, and inadequate filling of joint paste;
(3) The sealing material and waterproof coating have insufficient elongation, resulting in tearing or detachment from the bonding surface.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) Fill, paste or inject flexible or elastic waterproof materials in the leaking area;
(2) Use elastic waterproof coatings (such as polyurethane waterproof coatings, etc.) and fiber materials to reinforce the waterproof layer on the surface.
4. Leakage at the locations of through wall pipes and embedded pipes
reason:
(1) The installation of pipes or sleeves is not tight, and cracks and gaps appear around them;
(2) The detailed processing method is inadequate, the sealing material between the outer wall of the pipe and the reserved concrete hole wall is not tightly filled, and the bonding of the outer waterproof coating reinforcement layer is poor;
(3) The sealing material and waterproof coating may be torn or detached from the bonding surface due to insufficient elongation.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) Clean the outer space of the pipe with embedded sealing materials or grouting, and tightly block it;
(2) The root of the connection between the pipe and the basement wall is reinforced with elastic waterproof coating and fiber material as a waterproof layer.
2、 Floors, toilets, bathrooms, and kitchens
1. Surface and wall seepage
reason:
(1) Poor construction quality of concrete and mortar, with micro pore infiltration;
(2) Slight cracks appear on the board and partition walls:
(3) Poor or damaged waterproof coating construction quality.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) Remove the decorative material, expose the water seepage area, and apply waterproof coating. In addition to polyurethane waterproof coatings, fiber materials are usually required for repair.
(2) If there is cracking, the cracks should be reinforced with waterproof treatment; Sewing method: For small hair cracks, waterproof coating can be applied and fiber materials or cloth strips can be added for waterproofing treatment; Joint filling method: If there are obvious cracks, expansion treatment should be carried out to expand the joint into a V-shaped groove of about 15 × 15mm. After cleaning, waterproof coating or joint filling material should be scraped and filled; Joint filling and pasting: In addition to using the joint filling method, waterproof coating should be applied to the surface of the joint, and fiber material should be pasted for treatment. It is also possible to directly apply transparent or colored polyurethane waterproof coating on its surface without removing the finish.
2. Water leakage at the joints of prefabricated floor slabs
reason:
(1) The fine aggregate concrete and cement mortar filling of the joints between the floor slabs is not tight;
(2) Floor displacement and vibration cause cracks in the joint area;
(3) The elastic joint material between the boards is torn or detached from the bonding surface.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) Dismantle the decorative materials to expose cracks, and use the above-mentioned methods of filling and pasting joints to prevent water leakage on the board and wall surfaces;
(2) It is also possible to directly apply transparent or colored polyurethane waterproof coating on its surface without removing the decorative material.
3. Leakage around sanitary ware and through floor pipes, drainage outlets, and other areas
reason:
(1) The detailed processing method is not appropriate, and the sanitary ware and the surrounding area of the pipe mouth are not tightly filled;
(2) Cracks occur due to vibration and shrinkage of mortar and concrete;
(3) Sanitary ware and pipe openings are not treated with elastic materials, or the joint materials and waterproof coatings are not firmly bonded during construction;
(4) The sealing material and waterproof coating are torn or pulled away from the bonding surface.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) Thoroughly clean the leaking area and scrape and fill with elastic joint material;
(2) Apply waterproof coating to the leaking area and reinforce it with fiber material.
3、 Roof engineering
1. Leakage of roof panels
reason:
(1) Prefabricated or cast-in-place reinforced concrete slabs have poor quality and micro porous infiltration phenomenon;
(2) Cracking of roof panels;
(3) Poor adhesion, blistering, and damage of waterproof coating;
(4) The extension of the waterproof coating is not good enough, and it may be torn along with the cracking of the board surface, or the waterproof coating may age and crack.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) Partially clean the damaged surface of the old waterproof layer, thoroughly remove all debris and dust. Apply the same waterproof coating as the old waterproof layer, or apply a similar waterproof coating with good adhesion to the old waterproof layer, and reinforce it with fiber cloth.
(2) Thoroughly remove the old waterproof layer, expose the roof structure layer or leveling layer, and use the joint sealing method according to the leakage prevention measures for the board and wall surface, fill the joints or add joint sealing method to seal the cracks. Within a certain area, apply waterproof coating and stick fiber paper cloth for reinforcement.
2. Leakage at the joints between prefabricated roof panels
reason:
(1) Poor installation and improper overlapping of the roof tiles on the reinforced concrete lightweight roof; The fine stone concrete and mortar filling between the joints of hollow slabs, large roof panels, etc. is not tight;
(2) Due to various reasons causing displacement of the roof panels, cracks have appeared;
(3) The extension of waterproof coating and joint material is not good enough, resulting in tearing or detachment;
(4) Poor construction quality of waterproof coating and jointing materials, with bubbles, delamination, and damage to the waterproof coating, weak bonding and detachment of jointing materials;
(5) The waterproof coating and joint material have aged and cracked.
Leakage prevention measures:
(1) The roof tiles of lightweight roofs can be reinstalled and reinforced correctly; The overlapping area of the water leakage shall be filled with sealing material, and a waterproof layer shall be applied externally and reinforced with fiber cloth.
(2) The following methods can be used to deal with water leakage at the joints of large hollow slab roofs: remove the waterproof coating and insulation layer of the area, excavate the old joint material and thoroughly clean it; For the parts that were not filled with joint material, a 20 × 20mm V-shaped joint must be excavated along the crack; After removing dust, scrape and fill the elastic joint material; Brush waterproof coating and stick fiber cloth strips along the filling surface, and apply one cloth and two reinforcement layers.